Cosmic Design

In our first class, we talked about some fundamental principles of design: proximity, alignment, repetition, contrast, and balance. These principles are reflected in the cosmos.

Consider the universe as the work of a Divine Designer. At the macro level--the level of stars and galaxies--we see PARCB reflected in a number of ways:

• PROXIMITY: Stars govern a system of planets (many of which have at least one moon revolving around them), all of which revolve around the star in relative proximity to it. Stars themselves are grouped into stellar clusters called galaxies. Our own galaxy, the Milky Way, has about 500 billion stars and covers 100,000 light years (the distance light travels at 186,282 miles/second in one year). Galaxies are grouped into clusters, which themselves become grouped into super-clusters.
• ALIGNMENT: The great aligner in the universe is gravity. All the planets are aligned at pretty much the same level along the solar plane because most accreted out of the solar disk as gravity slowly collapsed it into the star now at the center of the solar system. Galaxies come in a variety of shapes and sizes, but they all have a center of gravity that controls the movements of the stars in the galaxy. Gravity (possibly working through something mysterious called dark matter) keeps the galactic-clusters moving together.
• REPETITION: Planets, stars, galaxies--all repeat a limited number of patterns that enable them to be classified. Planets may be gaseous (like Saturn and Jupiter) or rocky (like Earth and Mars). Stars run from the smallest about 12 miles in diameter (incredibly dense neutron stars) to the largest and most diffuse more than two thousand times larger than our own sun (hypergiants). All emit light along a spectrum from the shortest gamma and x-rays through visible light to the longest microwave and radio wavelengths--all of which oscillate at regular frequencies.
• CONTRAST: The laws that give order to what could be cosmic chaos also enable uncounted variations in size, color, composition, and arrangement of organized units throughout the cosmos. Planetoids, like the asteroids, may be only a few yards across. Comets wander the solar systems consisting a little more than collections of dirty ice pieces. Planets come with or without rings and moons and are sized from so large they almost become suns in their own right to so small they become moons if a larger planet happens to get too close. They can be mostly rock or mostly gas or any combination in between. The variety of stars is even greater. From white to blue to yellow to orange to red to brown, their color runs the spectrum. The largest among them explode in supernovae that populate the universe with the heavier elements that become the building blocks of life. Some collapse to singularities that become black holes from which light itself can't escape. Galaxies appear as ellipticals, spirals, and irregularly shaped blobs. Some collide and become two pinwheels in one (as in the photo above). The photos of these galaxies collected by earth- and space-based telescopes only begin to reveal the awesome beauty and variety in the heavens.
• BALANCE: Without the laws in the universe that balance and counter-balance one another (see 2 Nephi 2:11-12), the cosmos would collapse into chaos. Without it, life isn't possible. Consider, for example, our own planet. Placed just the right distance from its star, it is neither too hot nor too cold for life, and its orbit around the sun is so stable that its surface temperature doesn't vary from the extremes life needs to exist. It is tilted just enough to provide seasons to its middle sections and generate weather needed for rain and wind. It has a moon at just the right distance and size to make our kind of life possible. Its core is hot enough, plastic enough, yet solid enough to generate a constantly changing, renewing landscape. What happens at the planetary level is repeated in infinite variety throughout all creation, each law counterbalanced by other laws to keep the universe ever expanding, ever renewing, yet ever stable.

Anyone who catches even a glimpse of this tumultuous order has seen the hand of God at work. At the not-quite-micro level, we have the opportunity to learn from the Master Designer and practice the same design principles.

The practice might come in handy if we ever have the opportunity to design something cosmic of our own.